Chapter 15

Chapter 15 contained a lot of information pertaining to cause and effect.  There are different types of causes, as explained by the text.  Particular causes which have one action leading to an effect such as lighting a fuse leads to a firework exploding.  Another type of cause is generalizations, and this pertains to our own experiences in life.  With common knowledge comes a generalizations such as knowing that because it is morning, the sun will be rising in the east.  Another type of cause is general cause which pertains to the fact that claims need to be true in order for the conclusion to be true.  In this case, normal conditions are all the very obvious unstated claims in one’s cause and effect.  The general cause and effect follows general knowledge as well; for example, knowing that holding a firework while lighting its fuse is a bad idea.  Causes always lead to effects.